Incongruent dissolution is where the release of constituents from the dissolving phase into the solution does not reflect the stoichiometry of the original phase.
Cf., congruent melting, congruent dissolution, incongruent melting
Incongruent dissolution is where the release of constituents from the dissolving phase into the solution does not reflect the stoichiometry of the original phase.
Cf., congruent melting, congruent dissolution, incongruent melting
A reaction where the solid phase reacts to form a mixture of liquid plus crystals, with neither having the composition of the original solid.
Cf., congruent melting, incongruent dissolution
An obsolete, local term for a halloysite from Lawrence County, Indiana, in beds to 3 meters thick; may have been used as a rock name for these beds.
Hardening of a rock or sediments by the effects of temperature, pressure, cementation, etc.
a) the phenomenon by which minerals are formed in another environment in space or time from that where they are now found.
b) The term is also used when some element of a pre-existing mineral structure is inherited by another mineral via the phenomenon of transformation.
See also neoformation, transformation
Inner sphere complexes are ions, which adsorb in the inner Helmholtz plane. There is spectroscopic evidence that these ions come so close to the surface that, e.g., water molecules from a hydration shell have to be removed from the contact plane. Since adsorption of ions on an increasingly charged surface requires energy from bonding, one speaks of specific adsorption.
A modulated 1:1 layer silicate with a continuous edge-sharing, Mn-rich octahedral sheet, and an interstratified continuous tetrahedral sheet consisting of 8-, 6-, 5-, and 4-member tetrahedral rings that cross link the octahedral sheet (Krüger et al., 2014). The chemical composition is ideally Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38. The type locality, near Tyrol, Austria, is located between a serpentinite and chert body, and it appears that the Mn-rich sediments were deposited in deep water and metamorphosed.
Cf., bementite, pyrosmalite, varennesite.
Materials that are poor conductors of electricity.
Syn., dielectric
A thermodynamic property that is independent of the amount of a substance, such as the property of heat capacity.
Cf., extensive property
Intercalation is a general term to describe the movement of atoms, ions or molecules into a layered host structure, often a swelling clay mineral. This process can be reversible or non-reversible. The host-structure layers are essentially unchanged with the inserted material going between the layers. The layers must remain semi-contiguous via stacking. Intercalation commonly involves cation exchange or solvation reactions. Intercalation may involve, for example, H2O molecules or surfactants of single planes (monolayers) to paraffin-type layers between the layers of the host phase. The resulting structure is an “intercalated structure”.
See delamination, exfoliation. (From AIPEA Nomenclature Committee, 2011, unpublished)