A non-regular interstratification of kaolinite-like layers with smectite-like layers. Alternatively, the smectite-like layer may be replaced with other expandable layers (e.g., vermiculite). Found in paleosols. May be abbreviated K/S or K-S, and has been referred to as an “kaolinite/expandable” interstratification, K/E (Hughes et al., 1993).
A commercial product (made by Chattem, Inc.) involving a formulation of kaolin and pectin that was used as an anti-diarrheal. Since 2003, the formulation was changed to bismuth subsalicylate, but some formulations containing attapulgite as the active principle are sold in Canada.
An aluminum-rich Keggin-type structure is commonly used as a pillaring agent in clays. This complex has a composition of Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12)7+, and is often referred to as Al13. Other compositions with the Keggin structure are possible, but they have not been as extensively studied in pillared clays. Keggin structures are of commercial interest because they are catalysts.
See pillared clay.
A platy serpentine mineral of ideal composition of Mn2Al(Si,Al)O5(OH)4, and thus, the Mn2+ analogue of amesite. Mg and Fe2+ have been found to substitute for Mn and Al. Natural occurrences are rare; the type locality is Bald Knob, North Caroline, USA. Stacking disorder is common but, two-layer (2H2) and six-layer polytypes are known to occur.
Cf., amesite, zinalsite
A temperature unit where one K equals 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of pure water, which is the temperature at which ice, water and water vapor can coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium (definition from the 13th Conference of the Générale des Poids et Mesures). 0 K, termed “absolute zero”, is the temperature at which atoms do not thermally vibrate.
Cf., Celsius, Fahrenheit
See magadiite.
A variety of talc, but with H2O either in the interlayer or associated with the broken bonds at the edges of the particles. As a variety of talc, “kerolite” should not be used as a mineral name in a strict sense. Brindley et al. (1977) reported the composition as Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 . nH2O with n = 0.8 – 1.2. Stacking is turbostratic and particle size is < 5 layers. After weeks under ethylene glycol, kerolite swells slightly, whereas talc does not. Kerolite occurs in weathering profiles (Brindley et al., 1977), in palustrine environments (Pozo and Casas, 1999), and in microbial mats in Hawaiin caves (Léveillé et al., 2002), and may be derived from sepiolite (Stoessell, 1988). Older literature may use the spelling of “Cerolite”.
Cf., pimelite, talc
An obsolete term for a local variety name of vermiculite.
An obsolete term for illite.
A furnace having an inclined rotating tube which is heated either directly (a flame or heater within the furnace) or indirectly (inductively from outside). Rotary kilns are often used in industrial applications to achieve dynamic heating of raw materials to form reactive components, such as metaclay or clinker for Portland cement. The temperature and the dwell time can typically be set in each furnace segment, the latter by installing shovels or by changing the inclination or the rotational speed of the tube.
Cf., metaclays, clinker