a stability constant, K, for a complex is determined from the activity of the complex in solution divided by the activity of the reactants in a system at equilibrium. The larger the value of K, the greater is the stability of the complex. For multiple complexes that may result in a reaction, several constants may be determined, thus K_overall is the product of multiple constants: K₁ x K₂ x K₃… >Intrinsic= is used because the stability constant is an essential physical chemical parameter that relates concentrations of the components of a reaction at equilibrium.

A stability constant, K, for a complex is determined from the activity of the complex in solution divided by the activity of the reactants in a system at equilibrium. The larger the value of K, the greater is the stability of the complex. For multiple complexes that may result in a reaction, several constants may be determined, thus K_overall is the product of multiple constants: K₁ x K₂ x K₃… >Intrinsic= is used because the stability constant is an essential physical chemical parameter that relates concentrations of the components of a reaction at equilibrium.

an irreversible expansion of a solid upon rapid heating. Interstratified mica-vermiculite commonly shows expansion upon rapid heating owing to the loss of interlayer H₂O at relatively low temperatures. The separation of the locally collapsed layers (interstratified mica) increases the pressure locally, inhibits H₂O outgasing, leading to expansion, which produces worm-looking threads (Hillier et al., 2013). According to Grim (1968), Web (1824) first used the term vermiculite (the sample was probably impure with interstratified mica-vermiculite) because samples produced the wormy threads, and it is this characteristic that gives the vermiculite group its name: vermiculari, to breed worms, in Latin. As expected, Hillier et al. found that pure vermiculite (no interstratified mica present) does not show the wormy threads when rapidly heated. See vermiculite

An irreversible expansion of a solid upon rapid heating. Interstratified mica-vermiculite commonly shows expansion upon rapid heating owing to the loss of interlayer H2O at relatively low temperatures. The separation of the locally collapsed layers (interstratified mica) increases the pressure locally, inhibits H₂O outgassing, leading to expansion, which produces worm-looking threads (Hillier et al., 2013). According to Grim (1968), Web (1824) first used the term vermiculite (the sample was probably impure with interstratified mica-vermiculite) because samples produced the wormy threads, and it is this characteristic that gives the vermiculite group its name: vermiculari, to breed worms, in Latin. As expected, Hillier et al. found that pure vermiculite (no interstratified mica present) does not show the wormy threads when rapidly heated.
See vermiculite

An irreversible expansion of a solid upon heating. Vermiculite commonly shows expansion upon rapid heating (intumesence) owing to the loss of interlayer H2O at relatively low temperatures and the separation of the layers. Slow heating of vermiculite may produce worm-like threads, and it is this characteristic that gives the vermiculite group its name: vermiculari, to breed worms, in Latin.

Atoms or molecules become ions by the gain or loss of electrons, which have a negative charge. A positively charged ion, or cation, involves a loss of one or more electron(s). A negatively charged ion, or anion, involves a gain of one or more electron(s).

Atoms or molecules become ions by the gain or loss of electrons, which have a negative charge. A positively charged ion, or cation, involves a loss of one or more electron(s). A negatively charged ion, or anion, involves a gain of one or more electron(s).

a fluxional bond formed between an ion and a polar molecule. The classic example is where water molecules hydrate a sodium cation. However, the interaction is not restricted to H₂O, as many polar organic molecules will form ion-dipole interactions. See fluxional bond.

A fluxional bond formed between an ion and a polar molecule. The classic example is where water molecules hydrate a sodium cation. However, the interaction is not restricted to H₂O, as many polar organic molecules will form ion-dipole interactions.
See fluxional bond.

the ratio (I_p) of charge (z) on an ion to the radius (r) of the ion, I_P = z/r.