An obsolete term for muscovite.

An obsolete term for a low-Si chlorite.

A discredited term for pimelite.

A substance that disperses particles to form a colloidal or near-colloidal suspension when added to a slurry that contains clumps of particles that have aggregated to form larger non-fused particles. Common deflocculants for simple (non-exchanged) clay systems include sodium carbonate or sodium phosphates, such as sodium pyrophosphate. These deflocculants produce a buffered, high pH solution and are especially useful when size-separating clay particles.
Cf. flocculation.

To disperse clumps of small particles adhering together in a suspension to form a colloid or near-colloid suspension. The resulting suspension is more fluid than the original.

The removal of H₂O from a phase. The H₂O may be present as an integral part of the atomic structure or as “free” (adsorbed) water. Dehydration commonly is achieved by heating or by evaporation.

Any phase obtained by elimination of the hydroxyl from phyllosilicates prior to recrystallization. (Quot Guggenheim et al., 2006)

The removal of (OH)^– groups from the atomic structure of a phase. Decomposition/recrystallization usually results, but there are some materials that form dehydroxylate structures prior to recrystallization.
Cf., dehydroxylate, rehydroxylation

Delamination is a term used to describe a layer-separation process between the planar faces of adjacent layers of a particle. Delamination describes a process whereby intercalation occurs with the introduction of guest material and the stacking of layers remains. This term differs from exfoliation. Exfoliation implies that the orientation between the layers of the host structure is lost, and that interlayer cohesive forces are overcome. Where delamination or exfoliation cannot be distinguished, use “intercalation” or “delamination/exfoliation” to describe the process. See intercalation, exfoliation, 1:1 layers, 2:1 layers. (From AIPEA Nomenclature Committee, 2011, unpublished)

An obsolete term for a chlorite material, rich in ferric iron, probably a Mg-rich chamosite.