An industrial term referring to dehydration of untreated, porous clay until it contains between ~5 – 20 wt % free moisture, with dehydration achieved by heating below or near the boiling point of water (< 105°C) to preserve the integrity of the clay and to create empty pore spaces so that the material may resorb fluids.
The reincorporation of (OH) groups from water (suspension) or air (humidity) into the structure of a clay mineral, previously lost during dehydroxylation.
Cf., dehydroxylation
Literally means “the reach back”. The expression of both the probability of finding a B layer after an A layer in a two-component system of layers containing A and B layers, and the influence A has on the identity of the next layer, after Jadgozinski, 1949. When flipping a coin, R is equal to 0 because there is no influence at all of one flip on another. The probability of getting a head depends only on the proportion of heads and tails, in this case 0.5, and thus there is a null relation between the influence of A on B. For perfect order of 50% I (illite) and 50% S (smectite) layers, ISISIS… the R = 1. A sequence of ISII… is R = 3, with one S layer surrounded by three I layers. Common usage is R0 for R = 0, R1 for R = 1, etc.
See humidity.
A soil formed on a preexisting landscape under a previous pedogenetic regime, and not subsequently buried by geologically younger materials.
See also paleosol.
“Remolded quick clay” refers to the material after the flocculated microstructure of the quick clay has been destroyed. By definition, remolded quick clay behaves as a liquid. The flow properties of remolded quick clay are required for analysis of the flow behavior of landslide debris as it leaves the landslide scar and flows. Most remolded quick clays behave in the ‘modern viscometric’ thixotropic manner of shear resistance increasing and decreasing, respectively, as the shear rate increases and decreases. The change is never more than a trivial portion of the quick clay strength prior to collapse. Remolded silt-rich, quick clay may exhibit extreme dilatancy at high shear rates, leading to shear blockage.
Cf., quick clay, quick clay landslide, dilatancy
An obsolete, local term for talc pseudomorphic after pyroxene from northern New York state and Canada.
Soil formed in place by in-situ weathering of parent rock material.
Cf., sedimentary clay.
The residual strength is the shear resistance or the capacity of a clay, soil, or rock to withstand significant pressure that develops after strain-softening at large strains. Residual strength is controlled by the characteristics of the internal failure surface where either significant particle movements have occurred (as in soils) or the fracture interface is the peak failure surface (as in rocks). The residual strength is typically smaller than the peak failure strength of a clay, soil, or rock.
A texture visible at hand-specimen or thin-section scale in which one generation of secondary minerals or soil plasma is arranged in a net or network geometry.
See soil plasma