Porcelain was first made in China using kaolin, feldspar, and quartz. Traders brought porcelain back to Europe and when porcelain was made in Meissen, Germany and in England, the primary kaolin used in the formulation was called “China Clay”. The term is still used today largely in Europe and is synonymous with kaolin.
A group name for phyllosilicates with the general formula of (R2+6-y-zR3+y□z) (Si4-xR3+x)O10(OH)8 where ▫ represents vacancies, x is the number of tetrahedral R3+ cations, y is the number of octahedral R3+ cations, and z is the number of vacancies. The common structure consists of negatively charged trioctahedral 2:1 layers alternating regularly with positively charged trioctahedral interlayer sheets. Ideal composition of the 2:1 layer is (R2+, R3+)3(Si4-xR3+x)O10(OH)2 and that of the interlayer is (R2+, R3+)3(OH)6. Bayliss (1975) defined trioctahedral end members based on the dominant cation, e.g., Fe-rich, chamosite; Mg-rich, clinochlore; Mn-rich, pennantite; Ni-rich, nimite; Zn-rich, baileychlore. The trioctahedral chlorites are commonlyfound in metamorphic rocks and are the diagnostic mineral of the greenschist facies. Chlorite is also a common alteration product. Eggleton and Bailey (1967) combined composition and structure characteristics to define dioctahedral chlorite species. Cookeite is the Li-rich chlorite, whereas sudoite is essentially Li-free. Cookeite and sudoite occur in pegmatite, hydrothermal deposits, and ore deposits. Both have a dioctahedral 2:1 layer and a trioctahedral interlayer (di, trioctahedral chlorite). Donbassite has two dioctahedral sheets (di,dioctahedral chlorite) and is Al-rich. For trioctahedral chlorite, the common polytype is the one-layer, IIb form, although cookeite, commonly forms in the one-layer Ia form (cf., Ia polytype, IIb polytype).
See also Part 1 of the Glossary.
See further explanation under “group names”.
Part 1 of the Glossary:
A group name for platy phyllosilicates of 2:1 layer with a variable layer charge. The interlayer material consists of a hydroxide octahedral sheet, which results in d(001) value of approximately ~ 14.0-14.4 Å. The group is further divided into subgroups that are either trioctahedral or dioctahedral, and these subgroups are further divided into mineral species based on chemical composition.
Terminology commonly used to denote the interstratification of chlorite or chlorite-like layers with smectite or smectite-like layers. Alternatively, this interstratification can be described as chlorite/corrensite. It may be abbreviated as C/S or C-S. Because the interstratification is not regular, it is not recognized as a unique phase.
Cf., chlorite, corrensite, smectite
See hydrotalcite group.
An obsolete term for nontronite.
An obsolete term for glauconite.
A poorly defined material, found as infillings in cavities in basic igneous rocks, possibly an altered chlorite.
An obsolete varietal term for biotite.
A dioctahedral member of the true mica group. The ideal end-member formula is KCrMg□(Si4O10)(OH)2 where □ = vacancy. First discovered at the Srednyaya Padma U-V deposit, chromceladonite was described from southern Karelia, Russia, in occurrences relating to apparent metasomatism and in association with dolomite, calcite, hematite, quartz, roscoelite, chromphyllite, uraninite, zincochromite, vanadium oxides and selenides (Pekov et al., 2000). Chromceladonite occurs as a 1M polytype.
Cf., chromphyllite
An obsolete term for chromian muscovite, chromian phengite.