See solid solution.
See solid solution.
A process of mass transfer where atoms, ions or molecules move through a solid.
Cf., absorbent, adsorbate, cation exchange
In a phase diagram, the solidus describes the upper limits where only solid phases exist.
Cf., liquidus, phase diagram
See cutan.
Unprocessed clay samples commonly contain soluble salts, including chlorides, sulfates, and carbonates, which should be removed either prior to analysis or prior to drying or firing. Such salts can inhibit deflocculation, and they may interfere with the determination of particle size. In addition, they may prevent the preferred orientation of clay-mineral aggregates in preparation for some X-ray analysis procedures. During drying, soluble salts migrate to the clay body surface and can interfere with glazing; after firing, these salts can cause efflorescence.
A generic term for materials displaying a high degree of absorptive and/or adsorptive physicochemical properties, often useful in consumer or industrial applications.
Initially, an industrial or commercial term, designating calcium bentonite from Mississippi, USA. This material exhibits characteristics of low water adsorption, dilation, viscosification and high green-sand binding strength. Use of the term has broadened to include any bentonite having performance characteristics equal to that of high quality calcium bentonite from Mississippi. Whereas the term “Southern Bentonite”, and its synonyms, continue to have meaning in the industrial and commercial realm, they are scientifically obsolete and should not be used in that context.
Syn.; Mississippi Bentonite
The symmetry used to describe a three-dimensional crystal structure, including both translation-free symmetry operators, translational symmetry (i.e., screw axes and glide planes), and Bravais lattices. There are 230 space groups. In mineralogy, Hermann-Mauguin symbols are used, whereas in chemistry and spectroscopy, Schoenflies symbolism is used to characterize the different combinations of symmetry elements.
A dimensionless physical parameter used to measure the relative density of solids, including minerals and soils. Specific gravity is the ratio of the unit weight (or density) of a solid to the weight (or density) of an equal volume of water at 4oC.
See heat capacity.