See b-fabric.
See b-fabric.
The study of the interaction of radiation with matter.
A poorly described material, possibly a mica related to tainiolite.
See microfabric, clay.
A drying technique used in clay science primarily to minimize preferential orientation of clay mineral particles for analysis by X-ray diffraction methods. Spray drying involves high dispersion of a solid (i.e., clay), usually suspended in ethanol or a water-soluble organic binder (i.e., Polyvinyl Alcohol 72,000), where the binder is subsequently evaporated. Although effective, the process usually involves large sample sizes (typically grams). In industrial applications, spray drying is used to economically produce commercial quantities of dried clay having a controlled aggregate particle size, from a liquid clay suspension, without the need for mechanical grinding.
See quick-clay landslide.
In thermodynamics, a state function is one that is not dependent on the path (i.e., history) that the system has undergone and is only dependent on the state of the system as determined by temperature, pressure, volume, etc. at a particular moment.
An obsolete term for muscovite.
Helmholtz and later Stern divided the solution side of a diffuse double layer into an inner part (Stern or Helmholtz layer) and an outer part (Gouy or diffuse layer). In a more simple model, the ions with a finite size “d” adsorb on a surface and form a so-called outer Helmholtz plane. In the so-called triple layer model, the Helmholtz plane is subdivided into an inner Helmholtz plane (iHp, where specifically adsorbed ions such as protons or K on high-charged clay minerals reside) and an outer Helmholtz plane (oHp, where non-specifically adsorbed ions reside). Note that for all models the following equation holds:
Sigma_zero + Sigma _iHp + Sigma_oHp + Sigma_diffuse = zero.
where: Sigma_zero denotes the charge density (in Coulomb per square meter) of the solid, Sigma_iHp denotes the charge density of species adsorbed in the inner Helmholtz plane (usually specifically adsorbed ions), Sigma_iHp denotes the charge density of species adsorbed in the outer Helmholtz plane (usually nonspecifically adsorbed species), and Sigma_Diffuse is the charge density of the diffuse double layer formed in the solution.
See diffuse double layer