An obsolete term for tainiolite.

a) In metallurgy, a material which chemically cleans a metal surface to prepare it for welding, brazing or soldering.

b) In ceramics, a material which lowers the meting point of ceramic materials to facilitate glass formation.

c) In physics, the rate of transfer of heat, mass, magnetism, etc. that passes a unit area per unit time.
Cf., fusion

Melting of a substance.

A dynamic bond where atoms exchange between symmetry-related sites. In cases where the configurations are non-equivalent, the result is an isomer or tautomer, whereas a fluxional molecule involves chemically equivalent configurations.

Fine particulate, airborne, typically amorphous, siliceous residue from burning coal in industrial burners. The chemistry of the coal and the type/chemistry of the fly ash collection system determines the composition of the fly ash. Pozzolanic (cementitious) fly ash is commonly used as an additive in cement. Non-pozzolanic fly ash is often used as a filler in wood and plastic products, in asphaltic concrete, in roofing tiles, and in other composite manufactured materials. Fly ash commonly contains a variety of heavy metals that were present in trace concentration in the unburned coal.
Cf., bottom ash

See suspension.

See suspension.

A force field is derived from a set of parameters determined from an approximate energy expression and then used to calculate interatomic or intermolecular energies in a classical calculation or simulation of an atomic structure. Most force field methods include pairwise interatomic interactions (e.g., van der Waals, electrostatic), and some include intramolecular interactions (e.g., bond stretch, angle bend) present in polyatomic species. Interaction parameters are adjusted so that results obtained from the force field, such as structural, mechanical, and spectroscopic properties, match those from experiment or quantum mechanical calculations as closely as possible.

a) in mineralogy, a crystal shape that is an expression of the ordered pattern of the atomic structure. The crystal form is commonly a regular geometric shape.

b) in crystallography, a form consists of a group of symmetry-related crystal faces.

The number of gram formula weights (= molecular weights) of the solute in one liter of solution. Useful where experiments use measured volumes and where temperature effects are not being studied.
Cf., molarity, normality, molality, mole fraction