See blunging.
See blunging.
A processing term used in industry to describe the high-energy mixing or disaggregation of clay (or a similar substance) into water to form a uniform slurry (i.e., suspension or slip) for use in ceramics or paper making. A blunger usually consists of a round or octagonal tank with a mixer-impeller attrition blade. Post-blunging slurry processing may be performed to separate and concentrate the clay mineral phase or remove grit and heavy minerals, via wet sieve, hydrocyclone, flotation, gravity separation, chemical modification and/or magnetic separation.
See suspension, grit
Boehmite, or gamma-AlO(OH), is a hydrous aluminum oxide comprised of corrugated sheets of double edge-sharing octahedra of Al–O,OH. Boehmite is isostructural with lepidocrocite, the Fe analogue. Bauxite is a mixture of diaspore, gibbsite, and boehmite, and any one of the three may dominate.
Syn., böhmite
See boehmite.
An obsolete term for a greasy clay with iron oxide impurities that produce a red, yellow and/or brown color and with about 24% water, possibly primarily halloysite.
Syn. “bergseife” for “mountain soap”, also obsolete
Born repulsion forces are described as a strong, short-range repulsion term for bond energy between two charged ions. Born repulsion forces arise when neighboring ions approach sufficiently close so that the electron clouds involving the inner electron orbitals begin to overlap, thereby forcing higher energy states owing to the Pauli exclusion principle. The term increases exponentially as orbital interpenetration increases with the decrease in interionic distance.
A boron-rich member of chlorite with an ideal chemical composition of Li1+3xAl4-x(BSi3)O10(OH,F)8 where x = 0.0 to 0.33 atoms per formula unit (Zagorsky et al., 2003). Borocookeite occurs as the Ia polytype. Borocookeite has been found in miarolitic cavities at temperatures greater than 240-265oC in pegmatite deposits, such as in the Krasny Chikoy district, Chita region, Russia.
Cf., manandonite, boromuscovite
A dioctahedral member of the true mica group. The end-member formula is KAl2□BSi3O10(OH)2, where □ = vacancy. Boromuscovite occurs as 2M1 and 1M polytypes and has been found in pegmatites at the Řečice pegmatite dikes, Czech Republic, where it occurs asfine-grained masses, and Little Three Mine pegmatite dike, San Diego County, California, USA, where it occurs as coatings from late-stage hydrothermal fluids.
Cf., borocookeite, manandonite, muscovite
The fused, amorphous, siliceous residue from burning coal in industrial burners. Crushed and sized bottom ash is used as an aggregate substitute in concrete and as a non-crystalline substitute for quartz sand in sand blasting.
Cf., fly ash
A transparent, yellow green variety of massive serpentine (antigorite?), used as an alternative for jade. Bowenite is not a mineral name and should not be used in the scientific literature.
Syn. tangiwaite or tangawaite (from New Zealand)