A concept introduced by Nadeau et al. (1984) which theorizes that individual clay mineral particles of oriented samples used in X-ray diffraction studies are stacked in aggregated composite particles which coherently scatter radiation so as to give rise to 00l diffraction patterns similar to those of uncleaved McEwan crystallites. The composite particles are theorized to be produced during sample preparation following disaggregation of original rock or soil samples.
a clay material where two or more kinds of layers are interleaved in a coherently diffracting structural domain with a degree of ordering which may vary from random to completely ordered. Layers may be 1:1 layers or 2:1 layers and interlayers may be of swelling or non-swelling nature. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction (TEM) are two common techniques used to determine layer proportions and regularity of interleaving. Energy dispersive techniques are commonly used to obtain chemical information. Regular interstratifications may be designated as mineral species, provided that they conform to specific criteria as specified by the International Mineralogical Association. Non-regular interstratifications are commonly characterized according to the information available, e.g., mica-smectite irregular interstratification, and do not warrant species status.
A clay material where two or more kinds of layers are interleaved in a coherently diffracting structural domain with a degree of ordering which may vary from random to completely ordered. Layers may be 1:1 layers or 2:1 layers and interlayers may be of swelling or non-swelling nature. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction (TEM) are two common techniques used to determine layer proportions and regularity of interleaving. Energy dispersive techniques are commonly used to obtain chemical information. Regular interstratifications may be designated as mineral species, provided that they conform to specific criteria as specified by the International Mineralogical Association. Non-regular interstratifications are commonly characterized according to the information available, e.g., mica-smectite irregular interstratification, and do not warrant species status.
A clay material where two or more kinds of layers are interleaved in a coherently diffracting structural domain with a degree of ordering which may vary from random to completely ordered. Layers may be 1:1 layers or 2:1 layers and interlayers may be of swelling or non-swelling nature. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction (TEM) are two common techniques used to determine layer proportions and regularity of interleaving. Energy dispersive techniques are commonly used to obtain chemical information. Regular interstratifications may be designated as mineral species, provided that they conform to specific criteria as specified by the International Mineralogical Association. Non-regular interstratifications are commonly characterized according to the information available, e.g., mica-smectite irregular interstratification, and do not warrant species status.
Intracrystalline swelling involves an increase in the layer-to-layer spacing of a phyllosilicate mineral to accommodate H2O or other molecules in the interlayer. For example, in swelling clays, an increase in the relative humidity around the clay mineral particle, causes interlayer expansion, resulting in partially or fully hydrated interlayer ions. Cf., osmotic swelling
Intracrystalline swelling involves an increase in the layer-to-layer spacing of a phyllosilicate mineral to accommodate H2O or other molecules in the interlayer. For example, in swelling clays, an increase in the relative humidity around the clay mineral particle, causes interlayer expansion, resulting in partially or fully hydrated interlayer ions.
Cf., osmotic swelling
a stability constant, K, for a complex is determined from the activity of the complex in solution divided by the activity of the reactants in a system at equilibrium. The larger the value of K, the greater is the stability of the complex. For multiple complexes that may result in a reaction, several constants may be determined, thus Koverall is the product of multiple constants: K1 x K2 x K3… >Intrinsic= is used because the stability constant is an essential physical chemical parameter that relates concentrations of the components of a reaction at equilibrium.
A stability constant, K, for a complex is determined from the activity of the complex in solution divided by the activity of the reactants in a system at equilibrium. The larger the value of K, the greater is the stability of the complex. For multiple complexes that may result in a reaction, several constants may be determined, thus Koverall is the product of multiple constants: K1 x K2 x K3… >Intrinsic= is used because the stability constant is an essential physical chemical parameter that relates concentrations of the components of a reaction at equilibrium.
an irreversible expansion of a solid upon rapid heating. Interstratified mica-vermiculite commonly shows expansion upon rapid heating owing to the loss of interlayer H2O at relatively low temperatures. The separation of the locally collapsed layers (interstratified mica) increases the pressure locally, inhibits H2O outgasing, leading to expansion, which produces worm-looking threads (Hillier et al., 2013). According to Grim (1968), Web (1824) first used the term vermiculite (the sample was probably impure with interstratified mica-vermiculite) because samples produced the wormy threads, and it is this characteristic that gives the vermiculite group its name: vermiculari, to breed worms, in Latin. As expected, Hillier et al. found that pure vermiculite (no interstratified mica present) does not show the wormy threads when rapidly heated. See vermiculite
An irreversible expansion of a solid upon rapid heating. Interstratified mica-vermiculite commonly shows expansion upon rapid heating owing to the loss of interlayer H2O at relatively low temperatures. The separation of the locally collapsed layers (interstratified mica) increases the pressure locally, inhibits H2O outgassing, leading to expansion, which produces worm-looking threads (Hillier et al., 2013). According to Grim (1968), Web (1824) first used the term vermiculite (the sample was probably impure with interstratified mica-vermiculite) because samples produced the wormy threads, and it is this characteristic that gives the vermiculite group its name: vermiculari, to breed worms, in Latin. As expected, Hillier et al. found that pure vermiculite (no interstratified mica present) does not show the wormy threads when rapidly heated.
See vermiculite