A poorly defined material, possibly interstratified biotite and vermiculite.

An obsolete varietal term for phlogopite.

An obsolete varietal term for phlogopite.

A diffraction X-ray peak from a layer material originating from those atomic planes which comprise the layers (i.e., parallel to cleavage). For most layer silicates, basal reflections are of the Miller index type: 00l, where l is an integer. The d values of the basal reflections may be used to obtain c Sin(beta), which is the repeat distance perpendicular to the plane of the layers. The c Sin(beta) value is usually an indicator of the structure unit and thus, the type of phyllosilicate, assuming that no semi-random interstratifications occur in the phase (which can cause a displacement of the basal reflection positions). For example, mica minerals have a value of about 10 A and chlorite minerals have a value of about 14 A.

The terminating surface (or basal plane) parallel to the atom planes in the repeating layers in clays and layered minerals. Common usage has broadened the meaning to include (internal) surfaces that parallel the terminating surface. If the repeating layers have a stacking direction along [001], the c crystallographic axis, then the atom planes in the repeating layers are the (00l) planes (parallel to the plane containing the two lateral axes, a and b).
Syn., basal plane

A poorly defined material, possibly interstratified biotite and vermiculite.

An obsolete term describing a pseudomorph comprised of serpentine altered from a Mg-rich pyroxene.

A poorly defined material, possibly interstratified biotite and vermiculite.

A reaction vessel without inflow or outflow. Batch reactors are commonly used for sorption experiments and, less commonly, for mineral growth and dissolution experiments.
Cf., continuously stirred tank reactor, chemostat, plug flow reactor

Discredited name because it is a mixture of several phases.
See caryopilite