In geotechnical engineering, hydraulic conductivity refers to the ease of fluid flow (for example, permeability) through sediment, rock or soil, and is affected by the viscosity of the fluid (water).
Cf., permeability
In geotechnical engineering, hydraulic conductivity refers to the ease of fluid flow (for example, permeability) through sediment, rock or soil, and is affected by the viscosity of the fluid (water).
Cf., permeability
In an aquifer, the ratio of total hydraulic head loss (or difference) to the length of flow path in a given direction, or in a simple description, the slope of the surface of the water table.
The hydraulic head is the total energy of moving water (including porewater or groundwater), usually represented by the height of water column with a unit of length. The total hydraulic head is the summation of the velocity head (kinetic energy), pressure head (potential energy), and elevation head (potential energy), all converted to the height of the equivalent water column: h = hv + hp + hE = v2/2g + u/γw + z, where h is the total hydraulic head, and subscripts V, P, and E denote velocity, pressure, and elevation; v is the velocity; g gravity, u water/fluid pressure, γw unit weight of water at 25oC, and z elevation.
A regular interstratification of biotite-like layers with vermiculite-like layers. The ratio of vermiculite-like layers (i.e., one 2:1 layer and one interlayer capable of limited swelling) to biotite (i.e., one 2:1 layer) is 1:1 (Brindley et al., 1983).
The hydrogen (H) atom in solids is often asymmetrically located between an electronegative donor atom (D) and an electronegative acceptor (A) atom, such that the D-H distance is smaller than the H-A distance. The H atom can penetrate the electron cloud of the donor atom. The D-H–A configuration may be linear or bent, and there may be multiple A atoms. The overall bond is considered essentially ionic in character, with an overall bond strength (for D-H–A configurations) considerably weaker than a (sigma) covalent bond but considerably stronger than van der Waals interactions. The H atom may serve to balance overall charge, for example as an O-H in oxygen-based structures, in which case the H does not link a donor to an acceptor atom.
A discredited term for a mixture of hausmannite and feitknechtite (beta-MnOOH).
See hydrotalcite group.
a) occurs when a molecule reacts with water to break a chemical bond, and thereby often incorporating H2O into the substance.
b) Hydrolysis at a surface involves the breakdown of the H2O molecule into hydroxides and protons to form protonated/deprotonated surface sites.
A device used to measure the specific gravity of a fluid, usually containing suspended particles. In soil analysis, a hydrometer is used to measure the particle size distribution of fine-grained (< 75 μm) soils such as clays, on the basis of the Stokes’ Law: the settling velocity of suspended particles depends upon the particle size. With a time sequence of measurements of the suspension density, the quantity of particles settling out of the suspension can be estimated, and hence the size – quantity relationship (or particle size distribution) of different particles can be obtained.
An obsolete term for interlayer-deficient micas.