An obsolete varietal term for clintonite.

A member of the chlorite group, with an ideal formula of (Al_4+x/3Si_4-xAl_x)O₁₀(OH)₈, where x represents excess Al. Both octahedral sheets are dioctahedral, therefore this is a di,dioctahedral chlorite.
Cf., chlorite

A group name for naturally occurring and synthetic compounds with the general formula of M²⁺_(1-x)M³⁺_x(OH)₂A^-x where M²⁺ is a divalent metal with Mg being the most common in nature (others include Ni, Cu, Ca Fe), M³⁺ is a trivalent metal normally Al or Fe (also Cr), A^– is a monovalent anion, and x is commonly near 0.3. The most common anion in nature is CO₃^2- [SO₄^2-, Cl^–, (OH)^– also occur]. For divalent anions, the formula is altered to (x/2). The positively charged portion of the structure is brucite-like, with the anion portion analogous to the interlayer in the phyllosilicates. The interlayer materials are readily exchangeable and may include H₂O and occasional cations.
Syn., layer double hydroxides, LDH, double layer hydroxides, hydrotalcite-like group, HT, anionic clay, and various similar versions

A regular interstratification of trioctahedral serpentine with trioctahedral (i.e., tri,trioctahedral) chlorite. The ratio of chlorite layers (i.e., one 2:1 layer and one interlayer) to serpentine (i.e., one 1:1 layer) is 1:1. The name applies to any composition of interstratified trioctahedral serpentine or trioctahedral chlorite regardless of the structure type (i.e., stacking) of the chlorite. Variations in chemical composition other than Mg and Al may be noted by descriptive adjectival modifiers (Bailey et al., 1995).

Refers to the process of external loading of a soil (or sand) when a soil body is subject to external loading (or shearing) and the boundary condition of the soil allows drainage of porewater. If porewater flows out of the soil, the soil exhibits contractive behavior; otherwise the soil exhibits dilative behavior.
See contraction, soil or sand; dilation, soil or sand

Fluids (e.g., water, oils, organics) plus dissolved additives and appropriately sized, suspended solids (e.g., Na-rich bentonite, palygorskite, organoclay, barite, sand) needed to produce bulk physicochemical and rheological properties appropriate for deep bore holes and for the removal of “cuttings” generated during the drilling process. For example, one such physiochemical requirement for drilling mud is a high specific gravity to prevent blowout if high pressure strata is encountered during drilling at depth.

The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) of 13 March 2013 defines drugs, in part, by their intended use, as “articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease” and “articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals” [FD&C Act, sec. 201(g)(1)]. Clays and clay minerals are used in pharmaceuticals to enhance bioavailability, either as an excipient or an active principle, or as a way to control the release of the drug (Rodrigues et al, 2013).

A poorly defined material, possibly smectite or vermiculite.

An obsolete term for muscovite.

C nonvitreous, porous, opaque ceramic whiteware made from milled clay, quartz,and feldspar, fired to between 950 – 1100°C. Water adsorption is variously defined as greater than 3% or greater than 5%. The material may be glazed to achieve water tightness. Earthenware is commonly used for flower pots, vases, or tile art.
Cf., ceramic, glaze, tile