A one-dimensional, consolidation testing apparatus commonly used to measure the compressibility and consolidation behavior of soft clayey soils. In such tests, the soil is confined to one-dimensional compression and one-dimensional flow. Only vertical deformation or strain occurs, whereas the lateral or horizontal deformation is restricted or zero.
An obsolete term for barian muscovite.
An oligomer is a chemical compound composed of a small number of structural units (e.g., AlO4 or SiO4 tetrahedra) formed by a polymerization process, typically with carbon or aluminum atoms, where smaller units are bound together to form larger units. According to IUPAC, a minor change in the number of integrated units causes a significant change in the properties of the oligomers and distinguishes them from polymers that consist of large numbers of structural units. Small oligomers composed of only a few units include: monomer = 1 unit, dimer = 2 units, trimer = 3 units, tetramer = 4 units, etc. Oligomers are found in synthetic clay-related products (e.g., geopolymers) or naturally occurring clay minerals (e.g., hydroxy-interlayered clay minerals often contain oligomers in the interlayer).
Cf., geopolymer, hydroxy-interlayered minerals, polymer, polymerization
The process of forcing a solvent (typically, water) through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution with lower water activity to a solution with higher water activity by applying a pressure opposite to and in excess of the osmotic pressure. Reverse osmosis is a process commonly used to purify (i.e., to physically separate and remove dissolved ions from) water.
A clinopyroxene (space group P2/n or C2/c) with an ideal chemical composition of (Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)Si2O6 and this represents the solid solution between augite and jadeite. Ordering and resulting symmetry occurs between Ca and Na (in M2 sites) coupled with ordering between Mg (+Fe) and Al (in M1 sites). Omphacite commonly occurs in high-pressure, high temperature metamorphic rocks, such as eclogite which forms by subduction of oceanic crust.
See pyroxene group for additional details.
An obsolete term for muscovite.
A poorly defined material, possibly muscovite with quartz and/or other phases.
An obsolete term for muscovite.
A poorly defined material, possibly muscovite with quartz and/or other phases.
A poorly defined material, possibly with muscovite, quartz and/or other phases.